Background & Aims: TYPE ONE DIABETES mellitus is an autoimmune disorder characterized by very low or absent of internal insulin. In the process of insulin secretion from pancreas, several micronutrients have role and zinc is the most important of them. Some recent studies have shown that serum zinc level is low in diabetic patients because of diuresis. This study aimed to evaluate the serum zinc level of diabetic children six months after insulin therapy.Materials & Methods: In a case control study, serum zinc level of 50 children with TYPE ONE DIABETES mellitus and history of at least six months insulin therapy, compared with 50 non diabetic healthy children.Results: Serum zinc levels were 104.21±19.27 and 105.32±11.47 mg/dl in diabetic and non diabetic children consecutively (P=0.72). There was not any significant correlation between hemoglobin A1C and serum zinc level (P=0.23).Conclusion: Results of this study shows that serum zinc level in diabetic children is similar to those of non diabetics if they receive proper insulin therapy.

Introduction: Gama amino butyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system. The concentration of GABA and the number of GABA cell secretion decrease in diabetic patient and experimental DIABETES model. The reported effects of GABA activation on insulin secretion from beta cells have been controversial. In this study we investigated if GABA administration in animal DIABETES model can change insulin and glucagon secretion and improve some diabetic symptoms.Methods: Twenty fourth-week old NOD mi (Non obese diabetic mice) ce were used. Two months after diabetic induction animals were divided into the two groups. ONE group received 200 mmol of GABA and the other group received phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for ONE month.Results: GABA administration could significantly decrease plasma glucose and glucagon level, water consumption and urine volume and body fat distribution in the mesenteric bed and abdominal wall. It also could increase plasma Cpeptide level and it has not effect on food intake.Conclusion: NOD mice is very good genetically model for TYPE ONE DIABETES and GABA administration in this mice could treatment some of diabetic symptom. It seems may be we could use of GABA for treatment of diabetic symptom in future.

Background: limited studies have been conducted on the effect of synbiotics supplementation on TYPE 1 DIABETES Mellitus (T1DM). The current study aimed to evaluate the impacts of synbiotic supplementation on glycemic parameters, lipid profile, and vitamin D levels in children with T1DM. Methods: In this double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 86 T1DM patients aged 4-18 were randomly divided into two equal groups. ONE group received insulin and a synbiotic supplement once daily for 12 weeks,another group received insulin and a placebo. FBS (fasting blood sugar), HbA1C (hemoglobin A1c), triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL (High-density lipoprotein), LDL (low-density lipoprotein), and vitamin D levels were measured at the beginning and end of the study in both groups. Results: The trend of FBS, HbA1C, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and vitamin D changes was not significant over time in both groups. Based on the analysis of covariance, the means of FBS and HbA1C were lower in the intervention group (p=0. 048 and 0. 025, respectively). However, no significant changes in triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and vitamin D levels were observed between the two groups (p= 0. 291, 0. 291, 0. 952, 0. 140, and 0. 557, respectively). Conclusion: It's suggested that insulin treatment in combination with synbiotic supplementation could improve FBS and HbA1C in T1DM children but had no effects on lipid profile and vitamin D levels.

Introduction: Today, the increasing prevalence of DIABETES and its complications in the elderly is ONE of the most challenging problems in the health sector. ONE of the most important strategies for managing DIABETES in the elderly is teaching self-care behaviors, which requires competent nurses in the field of DIABETES education. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of empowering nurses on self-care and HbA1c control of elderly people with TYPE 2 DIABETES living in nursing homes. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted as a single group on 32 nurses and 30 elderly people with TYPE 2 DIABETES residing in nursing homes by convenience sampling. Nurses participated in a ONE-day empowerment workshop on TYPE 2 DIABETES. Data collection tools were a researcher-made questionnaire of workshop content to measure nurses' empowerment, Tobert and Glasgow self-care questionnaire and laboratory index HbA1c for the elderly. Data were analyzed using Spss version 20 at the 0.05 level. The present research has been registered with the ethics code IR.IAU.KHUISF.REC.1398.190 in the Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University - Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan). Results: Based on the findings, there was a significant difference between nurses' empowerment after the workshop compared to before (P=0.001). The mean scores of elderly before and three months after nurses' empowerment were significant in terms of self-care behaviors (P=0.000) and HbA1c index (P=0.000). Conclusions: The results showed that the empowerment of nurses has desirable potential to change the outcomes of self-care in elderly people with TYPE 2 DIABETES resident in nursing homes, and by focusing on the approach of empowering nurses, positive steps can be taken in the management of DIABETES and HbA1c of this group.

Introduction: Self-care activities have been used as a framework for patient-centered DIABETES education. Accumulating evidence suggests that patients who take a more active role in their care process achieve better health outcomes. The present study aimed to design a systematic review of scientific resources over the past decade to identify variables that determine self-care behaviors in patients with TYPE II DIABETES (T2D). Materials and Methods: MeSH keywords were applied to search several databases including PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Med line, DOAJ, Oxford, and the Scientific Information Database for English and Persian language studies between August 2010 and 2019. The process of conducting and reporting this systematic review was guided according to the statements of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Results: The literature search yielded 1, 813 publications, of which 62 were included in this study after eliminating non-relevant and overlapping papers. A total of 18 factors and variables determining selfcare behaviors were obtained in patients with T2D. The most influential variables were self-efficacy, knowledge, level of education, age, duration of DIABETES, and health literacy. Conclusion: In sum, six main factors were identified as determinants of self-care behaviors in patients with T2D which self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of self-care and is expected to be considered in designing and implementing educational programs and behavior change in diabetic patients. Further studies in the future may support the findings of this review study.